Background. Effective 2007, the ACGME required scholarly activity during residency. Although many programs have ongoing\r\nresearch, residents� involvement may be limited. This US anesthesiology residency survey assesses the current scholarly environment,\r\nresearch activity and program support during training. Methods. Following IRB approval, 131 US anesthesiology program\r\ndirectors were invited to participate in a web-based survey. Questions to directors and residents included program structure,\r\nresearch activity, funding and productivity. We categorized residencies threefold based on their size. Results are summarized\r\ndescriptively. Results. The response rate was 31.3% (n = 41) for program directors and 15.3% (n = 185) for residents. Residents�\r\nresponses mirrored those of programdirectors� regarding the presence of didactic curricula (51% versus 51.9%), research rotations\r\n(57% versus 56.2%) and a project requirement (37% versus 40%). Demands of residency (27.0%) and early stage in training\r\n(22.2%) were the main obstacles to research cited by trainees. Residents� financial support was available in 94.3% of programs.\r\nMedium and large programs had multiple funding sources (NIH, industrial and private). Conclusion. Programs are dedicated\r\nto incorporate research into their curriculum. Residents� financial support and mentorship are available, while research time is\r\nlimited. Systematic improvements are needed to increase trainee research in US anesthesiology residencies.
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